• 关注的发行版

// 发新版 流行度 排行 https://distrowatch.com/Debian系列--debian--Ubuntu--deeposSlackware系列--OpensuseRedhat系列--Centos

• 发行版之间有什么不同

// 发行版之间的不同一句话就能明了: 包不同 , 但是我感觉我关注的是4个方面1. 包管理方式前端主要有 apt yum dnf zypper , 其次还有 pacman,slackpkg, upmi , emege , conay , pisi后端主要有 dpkg rpm 2. 桌面环境gnome xfce kde dde3. init系统sysvinit systemd busybox(linuxrc) upstart openrc 4. 内核版本从 4.19.0 到 5.3.0 5. 其他预装软件

2020年发行版状态

1. 包管理方式前端主要有 apt yum dnf zypper后端主要有 dpkg rpm 2. 桌面环境gnome xfce kde dde3. init系统只有systemd4. 内核版本从 4.19.0 到 5.3.0 5. 其他预装软件X11 : 有逐渐向 Xwayland 过渡的趋势

Debian系列

• debian

http://mirrors.163.com/debian-cd/10.6.0/amd64/iso-cd/pop@debian:~/work$ uname -aLinux debian 4.19.0-12-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.152-1 (2020-10-18) x86_64 GNU/Linuxpop@debian:~/work$ lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ID: DebianDescription: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)Release: 10Codename: busterpop@debian:~/work$ cat /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"VERSION_ID="10"VERSION="10 (buster)"VERSION_CODENAME=busterID=debianHOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"1858 个软件包BIOSgrub2-common 2.024个入口vmlinuz-4.19.0-12-amd64 非 recovery 模式vmlinuz-4.19.0-12-amd64 recovery 模式vmlinuz-4.19.0-11-amd64 非 recovery 模式vmlinuz-4.19.0-11-amd64 recovery 模式init 系统systemd 241-7~deb10u4user@mmt:~$ echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPEx11user@mmt:~$ echo $DESKTOP_SESSIONubuntu-waylandX 系统(可选)Xorg X serverii xserver-xorg-core 2:1.20.4-1+deb10u1 amd64 Xorg X server - core serverX 系统Xwaylandii xwayland 2:1.20.4-1+deb10u1 amd64 Xwayland X server包管理方式ii apt 1.8.2.1 amd64 commandline package managerii dpkg 1.19.7 amd64 Debian package management system默认桌面gnomepop@debian:~/work$ gnome-shell --versionGNOME Shell 3.30.2

• ubuntu

https://cn.ubuntu.com/downloadpop@mmt:~/work$ uname -aLinux mmt 5.4.0-54-generic #60-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 6 10:37:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxpop@mmt:~/work$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available.Distributor ID: UbuntuDescription: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTSRelease: 20.04Codename: focal1590 个软件包BIOS(GRUB) 2.04-1ubuntu26.66个入口Linux 5.4.0-54-generic 非 recovery 模式Linux 5.4.0-54-generic recovery 模式Linux 5.4.0-42-generic 非 recovery 模式Linux 5.4.0-42-generic recovery 模式knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elflinux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8init 系统systemd 245 (245.4-4ubuntu3.2)pop@mmt:~$ echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPEx11user@mmt:~$ echo $DESKTOP_SESSIONubuntu-waylandX 系统Xorg X server2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2X 系统(可选) Xwayland2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2包管理方式ii apt 2.0.2ubuntu0.1 amd64 commandline package manager默认桌面gnomeuser@mmt:~$ gnome-shell --versionGNOME Shell 3.36.4

• deepos

https://www.deepin.org/zh/pop@pop-PC:~/work$ uname -aLinux pop-PC 5.3.0-3-amd64 #1 SMP deepin 5.3.15-6apricot (2020-04-13) x86_64 GNU/Linuxpop@pop-PC:~/work$ lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ID: DeepinDescription: Deepin 20 BetaRelease: 20 BetaCodename: n/apop@pop-PC:~/work$ cat /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Deepin 20 Beta"NAME="Deepin"VERSION_ID="20 Beta"VERSION="20 Beta"ID=DeepinHOME_URL="https://www.deepin.com/"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bbs.deepin.org/"1619 个软件包BIOSgrub2 2.02.9.16个入口vmlinuz-5.3.0-3-amd64 非 recovery 模式,并且用 /dev/sda5 做 文件系统的分区vmlinuz-5.3.0-3-amd64 recovery 模式, 并且用 /dev/sda5 做 文件系统的分区deepin_ab_recovery /deepin-ab-recovery/vmlinuz-5.3.0-3-amd64 , 并且用 /dev/sda6 做 文件系统的分区init 系统systemd 241.5X 系统Xorg X serverVersion: 2:1.20.4.2-1+deepin包管理方式ii dpkg 1.19.7 amd64 Debian package management systemii apt 1.8.2+deepin-1+deepin amd64 commandline package manager默认桌面dde

Slackware系列

• Opensuse

https://software.opensuse.org/distributions/leap安装的时候可选装KDEgnome无桌面localhost:/etc/init.d # chkconfig sshd on Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalldpop@localhost:~> uname -aLinux localhost.localdomain 5.3.18-lp152.19-default #1 SMP Tue Jun 9 20:59:24 UTC 2020 (960cb00) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxpop@localhost:~> cat /etc/os-release NAME="openSUSE Leap"VERSION="15.2"ID="opensuse-leap"ID_LIKE="suse opensuse"VERSION_ID="15.2"PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Leap 15.2"ANSI_COLOR="0;32"CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:opensuse:leap:15.2"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.opensuse.org"HOME_URL="https://www.opensuse.org/"2235 个软件包BIOSgrub2 2.042个入口vmlinuz-5.3.18-lp152.19-default 非 recovery 模式vmlinuz-5.3.18-lp152.19-default recovery 模式init 系统systemd 234X 系统xorg-x11-server-wayland-1.20.3-lp152.7.2.x86_64X 系统(可选) xorg-x11-server-1.20.3-lp152.7.2.x86_64包管理方式zypper-1.14.36-lp152.1.3.x86_64rpm-4.14.1-lp152.17.5.x86_64默认桌面gnomepop@localhost:~/work> gnome-shell --versionGNOME Shell 3.34.4

Redhat系列

• Centos

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/[pop@localhost ~]$ uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri May 8 10:59:10 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[pop@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/os-release NAME="CentOS Linux"VERSION="8 (Core)"ID="centos"ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"VERSION_ID="8"PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 8 (Core)"ANSI_COLOR="0;31"CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8"HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-8"CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="8"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="8"[pop@localhost ~]$ 1332 个软件包BIOSgrub2 Version : 2.02[pop@localhost work]$ cat all.txt | grep grubgrub2-tools-extra-2.02-81.el8.x86_64grub2-common-2.02-81.el8.noarchgrubby-8.40-38.el8.x86_64grub2-pc-modules-2.02-81.el8.noarchgrub2-pc-2.02-81.el8.x86_64grub2-tools-2.02-81.el8.x86_64grub2-tools-minimal-2.02-81.el8.x86_642个入口 // 注意 : grub2 的 默认配置文件换了位置引导条目配置文件位于/boot/loader/entries/7185b46988dc43ad8ea47e01de3ad451-0-rescue.confvmlinuz-0-rescue-7185b46988dc43ad8ea47e01de3ad4517185b46988dc43ad8ea47e01de3ad451-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64.confvmlinuz-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64init 系统systemd-239X 系统xorg-x11-server-Xwayland1.20.6X 系统(可选)xorg-x11-server-Xorg1.20.6包管理方式yum-4.2.17dnf-4.2.17默认桌面gnome[pop@localhost ~]$ gnome-shell --versionGNOME Shell 3.32.2