1.     环境

2.     设置QQ邮箱

    QQ邮箱是SSL认证的邮箱系统,要用QQ邮箱发送邮件,需要开启POP3/ SMTP服务,并获取授权码。

2.1  开启POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务

    1)  打开QQ邮箱,点击【设置】

    2)在【账户】tab页,找到【POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务】,点击【开启】POP3/SMTP服务

2.1  QQ号申请第二代密码保护

    如果QQ号还没申请第二代密码保护,则会弹出【验证保密】对话框

     1)在【验证保密】对话框中,点击【申请密保】按钮

    2)  弹出【QQ安全中心】页面,点击【密保手机】右边的【设置】按钮

    3)  输入手机号码后,点击【确定】按钮,手机上会收到验证码

    4)输入手机上收到的验证码后,点击【确定】按钮

    5)  申请成功

2.3  继续开启POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务

    1)  QQ号码申请第二代密保成功后,点击【验证密保】对话框中的【我已经完成设置】按钮

    2)  用手机往1069070069发送内容为【配置邮件客户端】的短信后,点击【我已发送】按钮

 3)  弹出【开启POP3/SMTP】对话框,其中的虚线框中就是授权码

2.4  获取授权码

    如果之前已经开启了POP3/SMTP服务,而已经忘了之前申请的授权码的话,可以点击下图中的【生成授权码】链接。

可以重新发送短信获取授权码。试了一下,旧授权码和新授权码都可以用。

3.     代码

    前面已经提到过,QQ邮箱是SSL认证的邮箱系统,因此用QQ邮箱发送邮件,需要创建一个SMTP_SSL对象,而不是SMTP对象,然后用发送邮箱及之前获取到的授权码login,最后调用sendmail()发送邮件。

import smtplibsmtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"smtpport = 465from_mail = "aaaaa@qq.com"to_mail = ["bbbbb@qq.com"]password = "****************"   # 16位授权码try:    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,smtpport)    smtp.login(from_mail,password)    smtp.sendmail(from_mail,to_mail,msg.as_string())except(smtplib.SMTPException) as e:    print(e.message)finally:    smtp.quit()

用try-except-finally括起来,是为了捕捉可能的错误信息。

     这很简单,但细心的读者应该注意到,上面代码中所有的方法的参数都有定义,唯独sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg)的第3个参数msg,即邮件的发送内容没有定义,而发送邮件的关键就在于此。发送内容的格式是SMTP规定的,如果不符合规定,即会导致邮件发送失败。 

    邮件主要包括三个部分:一是我称之为属性的部分,二是正文,三是附件。包含各部分内容的是一个MIMEMultipart对象,其实邮件的任何部分都是可以为空的,甚至都为空,还是可以成功发送的。下面主要讨论的就是这三部分内容的组织。

3.1  组织邮件属性

    邮件的属性,我指的是诸如发件人、主题、收件人、抄送等。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.header import Headersubject = "test report"from_name = "水云之外"from_mail = "aaaaaa@qq.com"to_mail = ["bbbbbb@qq.com"]cc_mail = ["cccccc@qq.com"]msg = MIMEMultipart()msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")msg["From"] = Header(from_name + " <" + from_mail + ">", "utf-8")msg["To"] = Header(",".join(to_mail), "utf-8")msg["Cc"] = Header(",".join(cc_mail), "utf-8")

3.2  组织邮件正文

3.2.1   文本格式正文

    用正文字符串生成一个plain类型的MIMEText对象,可指定编码,然后黏贴到代表邮件全部内容的MIMEMultipart对象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextbody = "hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time."msg = MIMEMultipart()msgtext = MIMEText(body, "plain", "utf-8")msg.attach(msgtext)

3.2.2   HTML格式正文

    HTML格式的正文和文本格式的正文,唯一区别就是MIMEText对象的类型不同,是html,当然正文字符串应该是一个符合html格式的字符串。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextbody = "<h3>hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.</h3>"msg = MIMEMultipart()msgtext = MIMEText(body, "html", "utf-8")msg.attach(msgtext)

3.2.3   包含图片的正文

    包含图片的正文,其实是一种特殊的html格式正文,正文字符串应符合html格式,且包含img标签,指定src,用读入图片文件创建一个MIMEImage对象,指定其属性,应和src中相匹配,最后将MIMEImage对象也黏贴到MIMEMultipart对象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImageimgbody = '''<h3>hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.</h3><img src="cid:image1"/>'''imgfile = r"..testresult.png"msg = MIMEMultipart()msgtext = MIMEText(imgbody, "html", "utf-8")msg.attach(msgtext)file = open(imgfile, "rb")img = MIMEImage(file.read())img.add_header("Content-ID", "<image1>")msg.attach(img)

3.3  组织邮件附件

    经验证,文本文件、HTML文件和图片文件(png),都可以用下面的代码组装到邮件内容中。生成一个MIMEBase对象,读入附件文件加载到该对象中,编码、添加头后同样黏贴到MIMEMultipart对象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBaseattfile = r"..testresult.html"msg = MIMEMultipart()att = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")file = open(file, "rb")att.set_payload(file.read())encoders.encode_base64(att)list = file.split("\")filename = list[len(list) - 1]att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename='%s'" %filename)msg.attach(att)

4.     最终代码

4.1  MailAssembler类

    包含三个方法:attachAttributes()、attachBody()和attachAttachment(),分别用来组装属性、正文和附件。

from email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImagefrom email import encodersclass MailAssembler:    def attachAttributes(self,msg,subject,from_name,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail=None):        msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")        msg["From"] = Header(from_name + " <" + from_mail + ">", "utf-8")        msg["To"] = Header(",".join(to_mail), "utf-8")        msg["Cc"] = Header(",".join(cc_mail), "utf-8")    def attachBody(self,msg,body,type,imgfile=None):        msgtext = MIMEText(body, type, "utf-8")        msg.attach(msgtext)        if imgfile != None:            try:                file = open(imgfile, "rb")                img = MIMEImage(file.read())                img.add_header("Content-ID", "<image1>")                msg.attach(img)            except(Exception) as err:                print(str(err))            finally:                if file in locals():                    file.close()    def attachAttachment(self,msg,attfile):        att = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")        try:            file = open(attfile, "rb")            att.set_payload(file.read())            encoders.encode_base64(att)        except(Exception) as err:            print(str(err))        finally:            if file in locals():                file.close()        if "\" in attfile:            list = attfile.split("\")            filename = list[len(list) - 1]        else:            filename = attfile        att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename='%s'" %filename)        msg.attach(att)

4.2  MailSender类

    只有一个sendMail()方法,初始化的时候保存了发送的相关参数,之后就可以用该方法发送其参数msg了。

import smtplibclass MailSender:    def __init__(self,smtpserver,smtpport,password,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail=None):        self.smtpserver = smtpserver        self.smtpport = smtpport        self.password = password        self.from_mail = from_mail        self.to_mail = to_mail        self.cc_mail = cc_mail    def sendMail(self,msg):        try:            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpserver, self.smtpport)            smtp.login(self.from_mail, self.password)            if self.cc_mail == None:                smtp.sendmail(self.from_mail, self.to_mail, msg.as_string())            else:                smtp.sendmail(self.from_mail, self.to_mail+self.cc_mail, msg.as_string())            print("successful")        except(smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused):            print("Recipient refused")        except(smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError):            print("Auth error")        except(smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused):            print("Sender refused")        except(smtplib.SMTPException) as e:            print(e.message)        finally:            smtp.quit()

4.3  主程序

    在主程序中,调用了MailAssembler和MailSender的方法,完成邮件内容的组装和发送。邮件正文包含文字和图片,并有两个附件。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom src.MailContent import MailAssemblerfrom src.MailSender import MailSendersubject = "test report"from_name = "水云之外"from_mail = "aaaaaa@qq.com"to_mail = ["bbbbbb@qq.com"]cc_mail = ["cccccc@qq.com"]imgbody = '''<h3>hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.</h3><img src="cid:image1"/>'''file1 = r"..testresult.html"file2 = r"..testresult.txt"imgfile = r"..testresult.png"smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"smtpport = 465password = "****************"     # 授权码msg = MIMEMultipart()assembler = MailAssembler()sender = MailSender(smtpserver,smtpport,password,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail)assembler.attachAttributes(msg,subject,from_name,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail)assembler.attachBody(msg,imgbody,"html",imgfile)assembler.attachAttachment(msg,file1)assembler.attachAttachment(msg,file2)sender.sendMail(msg)

5.     参考文献

[1] 使用python发送QQ邮件  https://www.cnblogs.com/lovealways/p/6701662.html

[2] Python发送邮件(常见四种邮件内容)https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosongbk/article/details/60142996

[3] Selenium3+python3-发送添加附件的邮件  https://www.cnblogs.com/liyanqi/p/7885014.html